oxidation state

Học thuật
Thân thiện
oxidation state

The student writes the oxidation state of iron in the compound.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • A numerical value representing the hypothetical charge of an atom if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic: The oxidation state is a concept used in chemistry to describe the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom within a compound. It is a useful bookkeeping tool for tracking electron transfer in redox reactions.
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • In water (H₂O), the oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 and that of oxygen is -2.
    • Determining the oxidation state of carbon in organic molecules is a fundamental skill.
    • The sum of the oxidation states for all atoms in a neutral molecule must equal zero.
Advanced Usage

  • "Assigning oxidation states": The process of determining the oxidation number based on a set of rules (e.g., the oxidation state of a pure element is 0, oxygen is usually -2, hydrogen is usually +1).

    • Before balancing the redox equation, start by assigning oxidation states to each element.

  • "Variable oxidation state": A characteristic of some elements, especially transition metals, which can exist in multiple oxidation states.

    • Iron exhibits variable oxidation states, commonly +2 and +3.
Variants and Related Words

  • Oxidation number (n): Often used interchangeably with "oxidation state."

    • The oxidation number of sulfur in sulfate (SO₄²⁻) is +6.

  • Redox (adj/n): A portmanteau of reduction-oxidation, describing reactions where oxidation states change.

    • Combustion is a type of redox reaction.
Synonyms
  • Oxidation number: The most direct synonym.
  • Oxidation degree: A less common but descriptive synonym.
Related Phrases

  • "Undergo a change in oxidation state": To be oxidized or reduced.

    • In the reaction, the manganese ion undergoes a change in oxidation state from +7 to +2.

  • "Have an oxidation state of": To possess a specific oxidation number.

    • Sodium in NaCl has an oxidation state of +1.
Related Concepts (Not Idioms)
  • Formal charge: A related but distinct concept that assumes bonds are covalent, not ionic. It is a different electron-bookkeeping model.
  • Valency: Refers to the combining power of an element, often related to but not the same as oxidation state.
oxidation state

The student writes the oxidation state of iron in the compound.

Noun
  1. the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule; for simple atoms or ions the oxidation number is equal to the ionic charge
    • the oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 and of oxygen is -2

Từ đồng nghĩa